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Law Uk Folk Museum
Law Uk (; meaning "Law's House") is a former Hakka village house located in Chai Wan, Hong Kong. Named after the surname of the family who had previously lived in the house, it was built in the mid-18th century during the Qing Dynasty, about ninety years before the British took possession of Hong Kong Island. It was rediscovered in the 1970s and is a declared monument of Hong Kong. After being restored, the house was turned into the Law Uk Folk Museum, which serves as a branch of the Hong Kong Museum of History. It is the only example of Hakka architecture left in the area.
==History==
It is not definitively known when Law Uk was completed, but it is estimated that the house was constructed in the mid 18th-century. This was about the time when the Law family first moved to Hong Kong from Bao'an County in Guangdong province.〔 〕 The approximate date of construction is further backed up by official documents from the Qing Dynasty that dated from 1767 and 1796. The existence of these documents—which were in the Law family's possession—only came to light when Law Uk was rediscovered. At the time it was built, the house was located on Hong Kong Island's waterfront with Victoria Harbour. However, it is now situated much farther inland due to the amount of land reclamation that has been undertaken over the years.〔
The area around present-day Chai Wan was uninhabited and simply featured barren and forested land. When the Laws moved there, they were part of an entourage of approximately 300 Hakka people, who settled in the area and subsequently established a village.〔 The majority of them worked as stonecutters in neighbouring quarries. Others were fishermen due to the area's close proximity to the sea.〔 〕 The Law family, however, were impoverished rice farming peasants who also raised chickens and pigs on their farm.〔
One of Law Uk's wings was destroyed during the Battle of Hong Kong in 1941, when a Japanese shell was dropped onto it. Nonetheless, the village lifestyle of the Hakka continued through the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong until 1945.〔 After the end of World War II, the number of refugees coming to the colony increased dramatically and they began to set up squatter huts on hills around Chai Wan. This ended up "destroy() the Hakka's way of life."〔 Due to the shortage of land, the Hakka village was cleared and demolished, and Chai Wan was transformed into an industrial area with many public housing estates.〔〔 As a result, the Law family moved out of the house in 1960 and were resettled into one of the surrounding housing estates.〔 This was a similar situation for the other villagers, whose descendants now live in apartment complexes close to where the village once stood.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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